Background
After more than a century of rule by France, Algerians fought through much of the 1950s to achieve independence in 1962. Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), has dominated politics ever since. Many Algerians in the subsequent generation were not satisfied, however, and moved to counter the FLN's centrality in Algerian politics. The surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 balloting spurred the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. The government later allowed elections featuring pro-government and moderate religious-based parties, but did not appease the activists who progressively widened their attacks. The fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense fighting between 1992-98 and which resulted in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s and FIS's armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. However, small numbers of armed militants persist in confronting government forces and conducting ambushes and occasional attacks on villages. The army placed Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA in the presidency in 1999 in a fraudulent election but claimed neutrality in his 2004 landslide reelection victory. Longstanding problems continue to face BOUTEFLIKA in his second term, including the ethnic minority Berbers' ongoing autonomy campaign, large-scale unemployment, a shortage of housing, unreliable electrical and water supplies, government inefficiencies and corruption, and the continuing activities of extremist militants. The 2006 merger of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) with al-Qaida (followed by a name change to al-Qaida in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb) signaled an increase in bombings, including high-profile, mass-casualty suicide attacks targeted against the Algerian government and Western interests. Algeria must also diversify its petroleum-based economy, which has yielded a large cash reserve but which has not been used to redress Algeria's many social and infrastructure problems.

Agriculture > Agricultural land > % of land area

Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > tractors (per capita)

Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)

Agriculture > Agriculture, value added > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Agriculture > Arable land > % of land area

Agriculture > Fertilizer consumption > 100 grams per hectare of arable land

Agriculture > Fertilizer consumption > metric tons (per capita)

Agriculture > Irrigated land > % of cropland

Agriculture > Land under cereal production > hectares (per capita)

Agriculture > Permanent cropland > % of land area

Agriculture > value added > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)

Agriculture > value added > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Crime > Corruption > % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint

Currency > PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio

Economy > Adjusted net savings, excluding particulate emission damage > % of GNI

Economy > Adjusted savings: consumption of fixed capital > % of GNI

Economy > Aid > % of GNI

Economy > Aid > % of imports of goods and services

Economy > Bank and trade-related lending > PPG + PNG > NFL, current US$

Economy > Bank and trade-related lending > PPG + PNG > NFL, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Business entry rate > new registrations as % of total

Economy > Changes in net reserves > BoP, current US$

Economy > Changes in net reserves > BoP, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Claims on private sector > annual growth as % of M2

Economy > Commercial service exports > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Commercial service imports > current US$

Economy > Commercial service imports > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Cost of business start-up procedures > % of GNI per capita

Economy > Current transfers, receipts > BoP, current US$

Economy > Current transfers, receipts > BoP, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Domestic credit provided by banking sector > % of GDP

Economy > Ease of doing business index

Economy > Exports of goods and services > annual % growth

Economy > Exports of goods and services > BoP, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Exports of goods and services > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Exports of goods and services > % of GDP

Economy > Exports of goods, services and income > BoP, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Export quantum/quantity index

Economy > External debt, total > DOD, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Final consumption expenditure > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)

Economy > Final consumption expenditure > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Final consumption expenditure, etc. > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)

Economy > Final consumption expenditure, etc. > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Final consumption expenditure, etc. > % of GDP

Economy > Foreign direct investment, net > BoP, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Foreign direct investment, net inflows > BoP, current US$

Economy > Foreign direct investment, net inflows > BoP, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Foreign direct investment, net outflows > % of GDP

Economy > GDP > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)

Economy > GDP per capita > constant 2000 US$

Economy > GDP per capita, PPP > constant 2000 international $

Economy > GDP per unit of energy use

Economy > GDP, PPP > constant 2000 international $ (per capita)

Economy > GDP, PPP > current international $ (per capita)

Economy > GNI, Atlas method > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > GNI > current US$

Economy > GNI > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > GNI, PPP > current international $ (per capita)

Economy > Goods exports > BoP, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Goods imports > BoP, current US$

Economy > Goods imports > BoP, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Gross capital formation > annual % growth

Economy > Gross fixed capital formation > annual % growth

Economy > Gross fixed capital formation > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Gross national expenditure > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)

Economy > Gross national expenditure > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Gross value added at factor cost > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)

Economy > High-technology exports > current US$

Economy > High-technology exports > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Household final consumption expenditure > annual % growth

Economy > Household final consumption expenditure > current US$

Economy > Household final consumption expenditure > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Household final consumption expenditure, etc. > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)

Economy > Household final consumption expenditure, etc. > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Household final consumption expenditure, etc. > % of GDP

Economy > Household final consumption expenditure per capita growth > annual %

Economy > IBRD loans and IDA credits > PPG DOD, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Imports of goods and services > annual % growth

Economy > Imports of goods and services > BoP, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Imports of goods and services > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)

Economy > Imports of goods and services > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Imports of goods, services and income > BoP, current US$

Economy > Imports of goods, services and income > BoP, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Income payments > BoP, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Income receipts > BoP, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Inflation, consumer prices > annual %

Economy > Interest payments > % of revenue

Economy > International tourism, expenditures > current US$

Economy > International tourism, expenditures > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > International tourism, number of departures

Economy > International tourism, receipts > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Legal rights of borrowers and lenders index

Economy > Liquid liabilities (M3) as % of GDP

Economy > Long-term debt > DOD, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Merchandise imports > current US$

Economy > Merchandise imports > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Micro, small and medium enterprises > number (per capita)

Economy > Money and quasi money (M2) as % of GDP

Economy > Multilateral debt service > % of public and publicly guaranteed debt service

Economy > Net current transfers > BoP, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Net current transfers from abroad > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Net errors and omissions, adjusted > BoP, current US$

Economy > Net errors and omissions, adjusted > BoP, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Net financial flows, IBRD > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Net financial flows, IMF nonconcessional > current US$

Economy > Net financial flows, others > current US$

Economy > Net financial flows, others > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Net financial flows, RDB concessional > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Net financial flows, RDB nonconcessional > current US$

Economy > Net financial flows, RDB nonconcessional > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Net income > BoP, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Net income from abroad > current US$

Economy > Net income from abroad > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Net incurrence of liabilities, foreign > % of GDP

Economy > New businesses registered > number (per capita)

Economy > Official development assistance and official aid > current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Other expense > % of expense

Economy > Portfolio investment, bonds > PPG + PNG > NFL, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Portfolio investment, equity > DRS, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Present value of debt > % of GNI

Economy > Private nonguaranteed debt > DOD, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) debt > DOD, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Public credit registry coverage > % of adults

Economy > Real interest rate > %

Economy > Royalty and license fees, payments > BoP, current US$

Economy > Royalty and license fees, payments > BoP, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Services, etc., value added > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)

Economy > Services, etc., value added > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Service exports > BoP, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Service imports > BoP, current US$

Economy > Service imports > BoP, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Short-term debt > % of total external debt

Economy > Total debt service > % of GNI

Economy > Total debt service > TDS, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Trade > % of GDP

Economy > Use of IMF credit > DOD, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Education > Children out of school, primary

Education > Children out of school, primary, female (per capita)

Education > Children out of school, primary, male (per capita)

Education > Expenditure per student, primary > % of GDP per capita

Education > Gross intake rate in grade 1, female > % of relevant age group

Education > Gross intake rate in grade 1, total > % of relevant age group

Education > Literacy rate, adult male > % of males ages 15 and above

Education > Literacy rate, youth female > % of females ages 15-24

Education > Literacy rate, youth total > % of people ages 15-24

Education > Persistence to grade 5, female > % of cohort

Education > Persistence to grade 5, total > % of cohort

Education > Primary completion rate, male > % of relevant age group

Education > Primary education, duration > years

Education > Primary education, pupils > % female

Education > Primary education, teachers > % female

Education > Progression to secondary school > %

Education > Progression to secondary school, male > %

Education > Public spending on education, total > % of government expenditure

Education > Ratio of female to male enrollments in tertiary education

Education > Ratio of female to male secondary enrollment

Education > Ratio of young literate females to males > % ages 15-24

Education > Repetition rate, primary, male > % of total enrollment

Education > Schools connected to the Internet > %

Education > School enrollment, preprimary > % gross

Education > School enrollment, primary, female > % gross

Education > School enrollment, primary > % gross

Education > School enrollment, primary > % net

Education > School enrollment, secondary, female > % net

Education > School enrollment, secondary, male > % gross

Education > School enrollment, secondary > % net

Education > School enrollment, tertiary > % gross

Education > Scientific and technical journal articles

Education > Secondary education, general pupils (per capita)

Education > Secondary education, pupils > % female

Education > Secondary education, teachers

Education > Secondary education, teachers (per capita)

Education > Trained teachers in primary education, female > % of female teachers

Education > Trained teachers in primary education > % of total teachers

Energy > Coke Oven Gas > Consumption by industry & construction

Energy > Coke Oven Gas > Consumption by iron and steel industry

Energy > Coke Oven Gas > Net inland availability

Energy > Coke Oven Gas > Production

Energy > Combustible renewables and waste > metric tones of oil equivalent (per capita)

Energy > Electricity > % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint

Energy > Electric power consumption > kWh

Energy > Electric power transmission and distribution losses > million kWh (per capita)

Energy > Electricity production from hydroelectric sources > kwh (per capita)

Energy > Electricity production from oil sources > kwh

Energy > Electricity production from oil sources > % of total

Energy > Electricity production > kWh (per capita)

Energy > imports > kt of oil equivalent

Energy > imports, net > % of energy use

Energy > Oil Consumption Test (per capita)

Energy > Oil Consumption Test Test (per capita)

Energy > Plant Condensate > Gross inland availability (per capita)

Energy > Residual Fuel Oil > Conversion to other forms of energy (per capita)

Environment > Adjusted savings: net forest depletion > % of GNI

Environment > CO2 emissions > kt (per capita)

Environment > Forest area > sq. km

Environment > Organic water pollutant (BOD) emissions > kg per day

Environment > Water pollution, chemical industry > % of total BOD emissions

Environment > Water pollution, other industry > % of total BOD emissions

Environment > Water pollution, textile industry > % of total BOD emissions

Food > beverages and tobacco > % of value added in manufacturing

Geography > Population density > people per sq. km

Government > General government final consumption expenditure > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)

Government > General government final consumption expenditure > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Government > Procedures to build a warehouse > number

Government > Procedures to enforce a contract > number

Government > Procedures to register property > number (per capita)

Government > Start-up procedures to register a business > number (per capita)

Government > Time required to enforce a contract > days

Government > Time required to start a business > days

Government > Time to resolve insolvency > years

Government > Total businesses registered > number (per capita)

Government > Trademarks, nonresidents (per capita)

Government > Trademarks, residents (per capita)

Health > Births attended by skilled health staff > % of total

Health > expenditure per capita > current US$

Health > expenditure, public > % of GDP

Health > External resources for health > % of total expenditure on health

Health > Fertility rate, total > births per woman

Health > Immunization, DPT > % of children ages 12-23 months

Health > Improved sanitation facilities > % of population with access

Health > Improved sanitation facilities, urban > % of urban population with access

Health > Improved water source, rural > % of rural population with access

Health > Incidence of tuberculosis > per 100,000 people

Health > Life expectancy at birth, male > years

Health > Out-of-pocket health expenditure > % of private expenditure on health

Health > Prevalence of HIV, total > % of population ages 15-49

Health > Smoking prevalence, females > % of adults

Health > Tuberculosis treatment success rate > % of registered cases

Immigration > International migration stock, total

Immigration > Net migration (per capita)

Immigration > Refugee population by country or territory of asylum (per capita)

Immigration > Refugee population by country or territory of origin (per capita)

Industry > Chemicals > % of value added in manufacturing

Industry > Manufactures exports > % of merchandise exports

Industry > Manufacturing, value added > annual % growth

Industry > Manufacturing, value added > current US$ (per capita)

Industry > Ores and metals exports > % of merchandise exports

Industry > Patent applications, nonresidents

Industry > Patent applications, residents

Industry > value added > annual % growth

Internet > Broadband subscribers (per capita)

Internet > International Internet bandwidth > Mbps (per capita)

Internet > Price basket for Internet > US$ per month

Internet > Secure Internet servers (per capita)

Labor > Employment in services > % of total employment

Labor > Employees, services, female > % of female employment

Labor > Firing cost > weeks of wages

Labor > force participation rate, female > % of female population ages 15-64

Labor > force participation rate, total > % of total population ages 15-64

Labor > force, total (per capita)

Labor > Share of women employed in the nonagricultural sector > % of total nonagricultural employment

Labor > Workers' remittances and compensation of employees, paid > US$ (per capita)

Labor > Workers' remittances and compensation of employees, received > US$

Labor > Workers' remittances and compensation of employees, received > US$ (per $ GDP)

Labor > Workers' remittances, receipts > BoP, current US$ (per $ GDP)

Media > Book production, titles by the Universal Decimal Classification > Philology (per capita)

Media > Computer, communications and other services > % of commercial service exports

Media > Daily newspapers > per 1,000 people

Media > Households with television > %

Media > Information and communication technology expenditure > current US$ (per capita)

Media > International voice traffic > out and in, minutes (per capita)

Media > Mobile phone subscribers (per capita)

Media > Personal computers (per capita)

Media > Price basket for mobile > US$ per month

Media > Telephone average cost of call to US > US$ per three minutes

Media > Telephone average cost of call to US > US$ per three minutes (per $ GDP)

Media > Telephone faults > per 100 mainlines

Media > Telephone mainlines

Media > Telecommunications revenue > % GDP

Media > Telephone subscribers per employee

Military > Arms imports > constant 1990 US$

Military > expenditure > % of GDP

Military > personnel > % of total labor force

People > Age dependency ratio > dependents to working-age population

People > Population ages 15-64 > % of total

People > Population, female > % of total

People > Population in largest city

People > Population in the largest city > % of urban population

People > Population in urban agglomerations > more than 1 million (per capita)

People > Rural population (per capita)

People > Urban population (per capita)

Sports > Olympic medals > Gold > Sydney 2000

Taxation > Customs and other import duties > % of tax revenue

Taxation > Net taxes on products > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Taxation > Taxes on goods and services > % of revenue

Taxation > Taxes on international trade > % of revenue

Taxation > Tax payments > number (per capita)

Transportation > Air transport, freight > million tons per km

Transportation > Air transport, passengers carried (per capita)

Transportation > Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide (per capita)

Transportation > Railways, goods transported > million ton-km

Transportation > Rail lines > total route-km

Transportation > Railways, passengers carried > million passenger-km (per capita)

Transportation > Roads, paved > % of total roads

Transportation > Travel services > % of commercial service imports

Agriculture > Agricultural machinery > tractors

Economy > Gross national expenditure > current US$

Economy > Tourism expenditures, international (per $ GDP)

Economy > Trade with US > US exports of military aircraft, complete

Economy > Trade with US > US imports of glassware, porcelain, and chinaware

Education > Primary education, teachers

Energy > Aviation Gasoline > Energy balance requirement

Energy > Coal > Additional resources (per capita)

Energy > Coal > Production (per capita)

Energy > Coke Oven Gas > Gross inland availability (per capita)

Energy > Crude Petroleum > Net transfers (per capita)

Energy > Hard Coal Briquettes > Imports (per capita)

Energy > Natural gas liquids n.e.s. > Energy balance requirement (per capita)

Energy > Residual Fuel Oil > Consumption by industry & construction (per capita)

Energy > Residual Fuel Oil > Conversion in thermal power plants

Government > Policy uncertainty > % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint

Health > Tuberculosis cases detected under DOTS > %

Media > Book production, titles by the Universal Decimal Classification > Arts and recreation

Media > Book production, titles by the Universal Decimal Classification > Religion, theology (per capita)

Sports > 1965 Pan Arab Games > Medals won > Silver

Taxation > Tax rates > % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint

Agriculture > Agricultural land > sq. km (per capita)

Economy > Debt > External (per $ GDP)

Economy > Imports of goods and services > constant 2000 US$

Economy > Trade with US > US exports of coal and fuels, other

Economy > Trade with US > US imports of civilian aircraft, complete-all types

Energy > Crude Petroleum > Net transfers

Energy > Electric power transmission and distribution losses > million kWh

Energy > Hard Coal Briquettes > Statistical differences (per capita)

Energy > Naphtha > Gross inland availability (per capita)

Energy > OPEC > About OPEC > OPEC Quotas and Production > Capacity

Energy > Plant Condensate > Gross inland availability

Labor > Employees, agriculture, male > % of male employment

Labor > skills > % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint

Media > Book production, titles by the Universal Decimal Classification > Literature (per capita)

Media > Book production, titles by the Universal Decimal Classification > Social sciences (per capita)

Media > Cinema attendance (per capita)

Religion > Roman Catholicism > By country > Roman Catholicism > % Catholic

Agriculture > Grains > Barley consumption

Economy > Cash surplus/deficit > % of GDP

Economy > Household final consumption expenditure > constant 2000 US$

Economy > Services, etc., value added > current US$

Economy > Tourism receipts, international (per $ GDP)

Economy > Trade with US > US imports of sulfur and nonmetallic minerals

Energy > Aviation Gasoline > Energy balance requirement (per capita)

Energy > Aviation Gasoline > Imports (per capita)

Energy > Crude Petroleum > Consumption by crude petroleum fields (per capita)

Energy > Naphtha > Changes in stocks (per capita)

Energy > Plant Condensate > Production from plants (per capita)

Energy > use > kt of oil equivalent

Health > Children Underweight Rate

Media > Book production, titles by the Universal Decimal Classification > Pure sciences (per capita)

Religion > Catholic > Permanent Deacons

Sports > 2001 World Men's Handball Championship > Standings > W

Agriculture > Cotton production (per capita)

Agriculture > Grains > Barley production

Economy > Entrepreneurship > Protecting Investors > Shareholder Suits Index

Economy > Merchandise exports > current US$ (per $ GDP)

Economy > Portfolio investment, excluding LCFAR > BoP, current US$ (per capita)

Economy > Trade with US > US exports of natural gas liquids

Education > Secondary education, vocational pupils

Energy > Coke Oven Gas > Conversion to other forms of energy

Energy > Crude Petroleum > Consumption by crude petroleum fields

Energy > Hard Coal Briquettes > Energy balance requirement (per capita)

Energy > Hydroelectricity Consumption > Million tonnes oil equivalent (per $ GDP)

Energy > Naphtha > Energy balance requirement

Energy > Natural Gas (including LNG) > Consumption by chemical industry

Energy > Other biomass and wastes > Consumption by households and other consumers (per capita)

Government > General government final consumption expenditure > annual % growth

Media > Book production, titles by the Universal Decimal Classification > Philosophy, psychology

Media > Cinemas (per capita)

Religion > Religions > Jewish

Sports > 2001 World Men's Handball Championship > Standings > Pts

Sports > Olympic medals > Gold > Sydney 2000 (per capita)

Agriculture > Grains > Barley production (per capita)

Agriculture > Grains > Wheat production (per capita)

Agriculture > Yield > Wheat

Economy > Goods exports > BoP, current US$

Economy > Transnational corporations > Affiliates (per capita)

Education > Literacy rates, aged 15-24 > Women

Energy > Coal > Total resources in place (per capita)

Energy > Electricity Generation > Terawatt-hours (per capita)

Energy > Hydroelectricity Consumption > Million tonnes oil equivalent (per capita)

Energy > Other biomass and wastes > Consumption by households and other consumers

Health > Nutrition > % of under-fives suffering from underweight severe

Media > Number of PCs (per $ GDP)

Sports > Olympic medals > Silver > Sydney 2000 (per capita)