Economy (2) - Research Africa > North of Africa > Eritrea - - Afran Studies - AFRAN Study and Research Institute (Africa & Iran)

Economy (2) 0 663 reads

Currency

Currency	nakfa
ISO code	ERN 232
Official exchange rate > LCU per US$, period average	15.37
PPP conversion factor to official exchange rate ratio	0.2	[149th of 169]
Subdivision	100	[27th of 192]
Symbol	Nfa

SOURCES
Pacific Exchange Rate Services; World Development Indicators database

ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Eritrea, State of Eritrea, Hagere Ertra, Ertra

Energy

Bagasse > Energy balance requirement	274,151 ton	[54th of 83]
Bagasse > Gross inland availability	274,151 ton	[54th of 83]
Bagasse > Net inland availability	274,152 ton	[46th of 80]
Bagasse > Production	274,151 ton	[54th of 83]
Bagasse > Statistical differences (per capita)	-113,601,327.95 ton per 1e+15 people	[12th of 18]
Bitumen Asphalt > Consumption for non-energy uses	15,000 ton	[82nd of 114]
Bitumen Asphalt > Energy balance requirement	15,000 ton	[33rd of 103]
Bitumen Asphalt > Gross inland availability	15,000 ton	[84th of 126]
Bitumen Asphalt > Imports	15,000 ton	[45th of 83]
Bitumen Asphalt > Statistical differences (per capita)	621,164,310,383.383 ton per 1e+15 people	[15th of 61]
Charcoal > Consumption by households	111,000 ton	[30th of 72]
Charcoal > Consumption by households and other consumers	111,000 ton	[39th of 109]
Charcoal > Net inland availability	111,000 ton	[40th of 111]
Charcoal > Production from charcoal plants	114,000 ton	[46th of 120]
Electrical outages > days	93.89 days	[2nd of 42]
Electricity > % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint	36.71 %	[5th of 39]
Electricity > Consumption by households	98,000,000 kWh	[161st of 189]
Electricity > Consumption by households and other consumers	174,000,000 kWh	[167th of 202]
Electricity > Consumption by industry & construction	58,000,000 kWh	[152nd of 166]
Electricity > Consumption by other consumers	70,000,000 kWh	[152nd of 174]
Electricity > Consumption by other industries and construction	58,000,000 kWh	[151st of 165]
Electricity > Consumption in agriculture	6,000,000 kWh	[93rd of 100]
Electricity > Conversion, transport & distribution losses	46,000,000 kWh	[144th of 179]
Electricity > Energy balance requirement	1,000,000 kWh	[150th of 155]
Electricity > Gross inland availability	273,000,000 kWh	[170th of 211]
Electricity > Gross production, public & self-producer	289,000,000 kWh	[167th of 211]
Electricity > Net inland availability	232,000,000 kWh	[169th of 202]
Electricity > Net production	273,000,000 kWh	[166th of 211]
Electricity > Power plant capacity > Public solar	1,000 kW	[14th of 17]
Electricity > Power plant capacity > Solar	1,000 kW	[22nd of 24]
Electricity > Production by source > Fossil fuel	100%	[35th of 223]
Electricity > Production by source > Hydro	0%	[191st of 223]
Electricity > Production by source > Nuclear	0%	[138th of 223]
Electricity > Production by source > Other	0%	[145th of 210]
Electricity > Solar > Production > Public	1,000,000 kWh	[13th of 14]
Electricity > Solar > Production > Public (per capita)	0.227 kWh per capita	[10th of 14]
Electricity > Station use & station loss	16,000,000 kWh	[140th of 179]
Electricity > Station use & station loss (per capita)	3.635 kWh per capita	[151st of 178]
Electricity > Thermal > Production	288,000,000 kWh	[149th of 209]
Electricity > Thermal > Production (per capita)	65.434 kWh per capita	[170th of 208]
Electricity > Thermal > Production > Public	279,000,000 kWh	[143rd of 207]
Electricity > Thermal > Production > Public (per capita)	63.39 kWh per capita	[166th of 205]
Electricity > Thermal > Production > Self-producer	9,000,000 kWh	[117th of 143]
Electricity > Thermal > Production > Self-producer (per capita)	2.045 kWh per capita	[121st of 136]
Electricity > Total production, public	280,000,000 kWh	[165th of 211]
Electricity > Total production, public (per capita)	63.617 kWh per capita	[190th of 210]
Electricity > Total production, self-producer	9,000,000 kWh	[123rd of 145]
Electricity > Total production, self-producer (per capita)	2.045 kWh per capita	[124th of 138]
electricity consumption > Date of > Information	2003
Fuelwood > Consumption by households	1,927,419 m³	[66th of 116]
Fuelwood > Consumption by households and other consumers	1,927,419 m³	[76th of 143]
Fuelwood > Net inland availability	1,927,419 m³	[77th of 145]
Gas-diesel oils > Changes in stocks	-25,000 ton	[66th of 88]
Gas-diesel oils > Changes in stocks (per capita)	-5.679 ton per 1,000 people	[76th of 87]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption by households and other consumers	35,000 ton	[111st of 138]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption by households and other consumers (per capita)	7.952 ton per 1,000 people	[108th of 138]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption by industry & construction	1,000 ton	[122nd of 124]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption by industry & construction (per capita)	0.227 ton per 1,000 people	[120th of 123]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption by other consumers	35,000 ton	[76th of 114]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption by other consumers (per capita)	7.952 ton per 1,000 people	[68th of 114]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption by other industries and construction	1,000 ton	[122nd of 124]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption by other industries and construction (per capita)	0.227 ton per 1,000 people	[120th of 123]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption by transportation industry	51,000 ton	[138th of 169]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption by transportation industry (per capita)	11.587 ton per 1,000 people	[145th of 168]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption in road transport	51,000 ton	[132nd of 161]
Gas-diesel oils > Consumption in road transport (per capita)	11.587 ton per 1,000 people	[136th of 160]
Gas-diesel oils > Conversion in thermal power plants	11,000 ton	[112nd of 161]
Gas-diesel oils > Conversion in thermal power plants (per capita)	2.499 ton per 1,000 people	[110th of 158]
Gas-diesel oils > Conversion to other forms of energy	11,000 ton	[120th of 166]
Gas-diesel oils > Conversion to other forms of energy (per capita)	2.499 ton per 1,000 people	[118th of 165]
Gas-diesel oils > Energy balance requirement	126,000 ton	[91st of 205]
Gas-diesel oils > Energy balance requirement (per capita)	28.628 ton per 1,000 people	[107th of 204]
Gas-diesel oils > Gross inland availability	126,000 ton	[145th of 205]
Gas-diesel oils > Gross inland availability (per capita)	28.628 ton per 1,000 people	[168th of 204]
Gas-diesel oils > Imports	101,000 ton	[130th of 192]
Gas-diesel oils > Imports (per capita)	22.947 ton per 1,000 people	[140th of 191]
Gas-diesel oils > Net inland availability	87,000 ton	[148th of 190]
Gas-diesel oils > Net inland availability (per capita)	19.767 ton per 1,000 people	[156th of 189]
Gas-diesel oils > Statistical differences (per capita)	6,361,674,365,428.66 ton per 1e+15 people	[19th of 155]
Hydroelectricity consumption	0	[197th of 213]
Hydroelectricity consumption (per capita)	0 per 10 million people	[158th of 207]
Jet Fuel > Bunkers	9,000 ton	[128th of 149]
Jet Fuel > Bunkers (per capita)	2.045 ton per 1,000 people	[126th of 145]
Jet Fuel > Energy balance requirement	6,000 ton	[34th of 151]
Jet Fuel > Energy balance requirement (per capita)	1,363,215,935,449 ton per 1e+15 people	[36th of 141]
Jet Fuel > Gross inland availability	6,000 ton	[80th of 143]
Jet Fuel > Gross inland availability (per capita)	1,363,215,935,449 ton per 1e+15 people	[79th of 135]
Jet Fuel > Imports	15,000 ton	[101st of 145]
Jet Fuel > Imports (per capita)	3,408.04 ton per million people	[95th of 140]
Jet Fuel > Statistical differences (per capita)	1,363,215,935,449 ton per 1e+15 people	[18th of 106]
Kerosene > Changes in stocks	-5,000 ton	[28th of 55]
Kerosene > Changes in stocks (per capita)	-1,136.012 ton per million people	[38th of 54]
Kerosene > Consumption by households	21,000 ton	[74th of 146]
Kerosene > Consumption by households (per capita)	4.771 ton per 1,000 people	[66th of 145]
Kerosene > Consumption by households and other consumers	22,000 ton	[78th of 165]
Kerosene > Consumption by households and other consumers (per capita)	4.998 ton per 1,000 people	[75th of 163]
Kerosene > Consumption by other consumers	1,000 ton	[54th of 62]
Kerosene > Consumption by other consumers (per capita)	0.227 ton per 1,000 people	[52nd of 62]
Kerosene > Energy balance requirement	22,000 ton	[46th of 157]
Kerosene > Energy balance requirement (per capita)	4,998.458 ton per million people	[55th of 148]
Kerosene > Gross inland availability	22,000 ton	[91st of 176]
Kerosene > Gross inland availability (per capita)	4.998 ton per 1,000 people	[92nd of 171]
Kerosene > Imports	17,000 ton	[61st of 130]
Kerosene > Imports (per capita)	3.862 ton per 1,000 people	[73rd of 123]
Kerosene > Net inland availability	22,000 ton	[85th of 170]
Kerosene > Net inland availability (per capita)	4.998 ton per 1,000 people	[82nd of 167]
Kerosene > Statistical differences (per capita)	953,010,241,683.397 ton per 1e+15 people	[55th of 109]
Liquefied Petroleum Gas > Changes in stocks	-1,000 ton	[36th of 69]
Liquefied Petroleum Gas > Consumption by households	4,000 ton	[133rd of 148]
Liquefied Petroleum Gas > Consumption by households and other consumers	5,000 ton	[140th of 159]
Liquefied Petroleum Gas > Consumption by other consumers	1,000 ton	[83rd of 87]
Liquefied Petroleum Gas > Energy balance requirement	6,000 ton	[94th of 161]
Liquefied Petroleum Gas > Gross inland availability	6,000 ton	[143rd of 166]
Liquefied Petroleum Gas > Imports	5,000 ton	[112nd of 141]
Liquefied Petroleum Gas > Net inland availability	5,000 ton	[144th of 161]
Liquefied Petroleum Gas > Statistical differences (per capita)	227,202,655,908.167 ton per 1e+15 people	[23rd of 117]
Lubricants > Consumption for non-energy uses	3,000 ton	[104th of 128]
Lubricants > Energy balance requirement	3,000 ton	[68th of 124]
Lubricants > Gross inland availability	3,000 ton	[109th of 143]
Lubricants > Imports	3,000 ton	[86th of 121]
Motor Gasoline > Changes in stocks	-2,000 ton	[51st of 91]
Motor Gasoline > Consumption by transportation industry	6,000 ton	[190th of 197]
Motor Gasoline > Consumption in road transport	6,000 ton	[188th of 194]
Motor Gasoline > Gross inland availability	8,000 ton	[191st of 202]
Motor Gasoline > Imports	6,000 ton	[171st of 183]
Motor Gasoline > Motor gasoline- energy balance requirement	8,000 ton	[130th of 201]
Motor Gasoline > Net inland availability	6,000 ton	[192nd of 198]
Motor Gasoline > Statistical differences (per capita)	454,405,311,816.333 ton per 1e+15 people	[26th of 131]
natural gas consumption > Date of > Information	2003 est.
Oil Consumption Test (per $ GDP)	17,322.169 Btu per $1 of GDP	[15th of 171]
Oil Consumption Test (per capita)	2,599,527.642 Btu per capita	[140th of 177]
Oil Consumption Test Test (per $ GDP)	17,322.169 Btu per $1 of GDP	[15th of 171]
Oil Consumption Test Test (per capita)	2,599,527.642 Btu per capita	[140th of 177]
Other biomass and wastes > Consumption by households	15,430 Terajoules	[12th of 25]
Other biomass and wastes > Consumption by households and other consumers	16,121 Terajoules	[13th of 31]
Other biomass and wastes > Consumption by other consumers	691 Terajoules	[5th of 10]
Other biomass and wastes > Conversion in other energy-producing plants	7,480 Terajoules	[1st of 17]
Other biomass and wastes > Conversion to other forms of energy	7,480 Terajoules	[2nd of 18]
Other biomass and wastes > Net inland availability	16,121 Terajoules	[16th of 32]
Other biomass and wastes > Statistical differences (per capita)	-5,577.404 Terajoules per million pe	[17th of 17]
Residual Fuel Oil > Bunkers	1,000 ton	[79th of 83]
Residual Fuel Oil > Changes in stocks	-7,000 ton	[46th of 86]
Residual Fuel Oil > Consumption by households and other consumers	3,000 ton	[84th of 98]
Residual Fuel Oil > Consumption by industry & construction	9,000 ton	[113rd of 134]
Residual Fuel Oil > Consumption by other consumers	3,000 ton	[66th of 85]
Residual Fuel Oil > Consumption by other industries and construction	9,000 ton	[113rd of 134]
Residual Fuel Oil > Conversion in thermal power plants	54,000 ton	[93rd of 131]
Residual Fuel Oil > Conversion to other forms of energy	54,000 ton	[98th of 133]
Residual Fuel Oil > Imports	65,000 ton	[92nd of 150]
Residual Fuel Oil > Net inland availability	12,000 ton	[132nd of 155]
Traditional fuel consumption	96%	[2nd of 130]
Vegetal Waste > Consumption by households	96,480 ton	[14th of 15]
Vegetal Waste > Consumption by households and other consumers	96,480 ton	[17th of 20]
Vegetal Waste > Consumption by other consumers	4,560 ton	[6th of 7]
Vegetal Waste > Energy balance requirement	96,480 ton	[60th of 63]
Vegetal Waste > Gross inland availability	96,480 ton	[60th of 63]
Vegetal Waste > Net inland availability	96,480 ton	[44th of 47]
Vegetal Waste > Production	96,480 ton	[60th of 63]
Vegetal Waste > Statistical differences (per capita)	-0.003 ton per 1e+15 people	[24th of 31]
Wall plugs > Voltage	230 V	[62nd of 209]

SOURCES
Energy Statistics Database | United Nations Statistics Division; World Development Indicators database; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; Wikipedia: List of countries by electricity consumption ; Energy Information Administration; Wikipedia: List of countries by natural gas consumption ; World bank; World Bank. 2002. World Development Indicators 2002. CD-ROM. Washington, DC;

ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Eritrea, State of Eritrea, Hagere Ertra, Ertra

Industry

Changes in inventories > current LCU	71300000
Changes in inventories > current US$	15,556,480 $	[81st of 138]
Changes in inventories > current US$ (per $ GDP)	32,606.214 $ per $1 million of GDP	[24th of 167]
Chemicals > % of value added in manufacturing	7.68 %	[29th of 91]
Machinery and transport equipment > % of value added in manufacturing	2.23 %	[60th of 91]
Manufacturing, value added > annual % growth	2 %	[110th of 156]
Manufacturing, value added > constant 2000 US$	84,041,660 constant 2000 US$	[120th of 155]
Manufacturing, value added > constant LCU	403300000
Manufacturing, value added > current LCU	1133000000
Manufacturing, value added > current US$	73,096,780 $	[106th of 167]
Manufacturing, value added > current US$ (per $ GDP)	75.368 $ per $1,000 of GDP	[91st of 180]
Other manufacturing > % of value added in manufacturing	31.18 %	[64th of 107]
Textiles and clothing > % of value added in manufacturing	9.34 %	[37th of 101]
value added > annual % growth	-0.38 %	[144th of 164]
value added > constant 2000 US$	157,699,900 constant 2000 US$	[137th of 164]
value added > constant LCU	802100000
value added > current LCU	3120189000
value added > current US$	201,302,500 $	[125th of 172]
value added > current US$ (per $ GDP)	0.208 $ per $1 of GDP	[102nd of 180]

SOURCES
World Development Indicators database

ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Eritrea, State of Eritrea, Hagere Ertra, Ertra

Agriculture

Agricultural growth	101	[95th of 149]
Agricultural machinery > tractors	463	[139th of 190]
Agricultural machinery > tractors per 100 hectares of arable land	8.24	[159th of 188]
Agriculture, value added > constant 2000 US$ (per capita)	23.437 $ per capita	[136th of 164]
Agriculture, value added > current US$ (per $ GDP)	206.878 $ per $1,000 of GDP	[42nd of 182]
Agriculture, value added > current US$ (per capita)	45.587 $ per capita	[133rd of 182]
Arable and permanent cropland	501 thousand hectares	[123rd of 148]
Arable land > % of land area	5.56 % of land area	[138th of 199]
Arable land > hectares	562,000 hectares	[123rd of 199]
Cereal production	101 thousand metric tons	[95th of 149]
Cereal production growth	0%	[88th of 149]
Crop production index	71.5 %	[179th of 182]
Fertilizer consumption > 100 grams per hectare of arable land	65.41 100 g/ha of arable land	[139th of 169]
Fertilizer consumption > metric tons	3,676 metric tons	[136th of 169]
Fertilizer use	21.8 kg	[91st of 138]
Food production index	86.3 %	[178th of 182]
Irrigated land > % of cropland	3.72 %	[112nd of 164]
Labor share	77.2%	[15th of 149]
Land under cereal production > hectares	374,043 hectares	[104th of 176]
Livestock production index	99.5 %	[141st of 181]
Meat production growth	0%	[116th of 149]
Permanent cropland > % of land area	0.03 % of land area	[179th of 187]
Permanent crops	3,000 hectares	[165th of 181]
Root and tuber production	110 thousand metric tons	[122nd of 149]
Root and tuber production growth	0%	[94th of 149]
Tractor concentration	0.9	[119th of 147]
Tractors	463	[129th of 147]
Value added	18.74	[58th of 158]
value added > annual % growth	8.4 %	[9th of 164]
value added > constant 2000 US$	103,154,100 constant 2000 US$	[130th of 164]
value added > constant LCU	524498000
value added > current LCU	3110000000
value added > current US$	200,645,200 $	[123rd of 172]
value added > current US$ (per $ GDP)	206.878 $ per $1,000 of GDP	[42nd of 182]
value added per worker > constant 2000 US$	59.36 constant 2000 US$	[152nd of 163]
Workers per hectare	2.8	[9th of 148]

SOURCES
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001; World Development Indicators database; World Resources Institute; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2000; The World Bank

ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Eritrea, State of Eritrea, Hagere Ertra, Ertra

Transportation

Airports > With paved runways > 2438 to 3047 m	2	[79th of 119]
Airports > With paved runways > Over 3047 m	2	[57th of 119]
Airports > With unpaved runways > 1524 to 2437 m	5	[44th of 99]
Airports > With unpaved runways > 2438 to 3047 m	1	[33rd of 39]
Airports > With unpaved runways > 914 to 1523 m	4	[93rd of 137]
Airports > With unpaved runways > Over 3047 m	1	[19th of 25]
Driving side of the road > Left or right	Right side
Highways > Paved	874 km	[88th of 113]
Highways > Total	4,010 km	[87th of 118]
Highways > Unpaved	3,136 km	[74th of 113]
Merchant marine > Ships by type bulk 1, cargo 2, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1
Merchant marine > Total > Dwt	15,023 Dwt	[130th of 157]
Merchant marine > Total > Dwt (per $ GDP)	21.797 Dwt per million $ of GDP	[33rd of 129]
Merchant marine > Total > GRT	12,529 GRT	[134th of 157]
Merchant marine > Total > GRT (per $ GDP)	17.978 GRT per million $ of GDP	[36th of 130]
Ports and harbors Assab (Aseb), Massawa (Mits'iwa)
Railways > A note links Ak'ordat and Asmara with the port of Massawa; nonoperational since 1978 except for about a 5 km stretch that was reopened in Massawa in 1994; rehabilitation of the remainder and of the rolling stock is under way (2001 est.)
Transnational Issues > Disputes > international Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to abide by 2002 Ethiopia-Eritrea Border Commission's (EEBC) delimitation decision, but demarcation has been delayed, despite intense international intervention, by Ethiopian insistence that the decision ignored "human geography," made technical errors in the delimitation, and incorrectly awarded Badme, the focus of the 1998-2000 war, and other areas to Eritrea and Eritrea's insistence on not deviating from the commission's decision; UN Peacekeeping Mission to Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) continues to monitor a 25km-wide Temporary Security Zone in Eritrea until the demarcation; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; Eritrea protests Yemeni fishing around the Hanish Islands awarded to Eritrea by the ICJ in 1999
Travel services > % of commercial service exports	64.21 %	[32nd of 153]

SOURCES
CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005; World standards on users.pandora.be; All CIA World Factbooks 18 December 2003 to 18 December 2008; CIA World Factbook, December 2003; CIA World Factbook, 28 July 2005 World Bank Global Development Indicators, 2001; World Development Indicators database

ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Eritrea, State of Eritrea, Hagere Ertra, Ertra

Taxation

Average time to clear customs > days	3.2 days	[5th of 39]
CPIA fiscal policy rating	2	[72nd of 75]
Net taxes on products > constant LCU	320707200
Net taxes on products > current LCU	1252810000
Net taxes on products > current US$	80,826,490 $	[118th of 159]
Net taxes on products > current US$ (per $ GDP)	0.083 $ per $1 billion of GDP	[94th of 174]
Tax rates > % of managers surveyed ranking this as a major business constraint	29.11 %	[6th of 39]

SOURCE
World Development Indicators database

ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Eritrea, State of Eritrea, Hagere Ertra, Ertra

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